Which of the following is a right or freedom guaranteed by the First Amendment?

The First Amendment to the United States Constitution is foundational in ensuring certain rights and freedoms essential to a democratic society. Among these, the freedom of religion is explicitly protected. This amendment guarantees individuals the right to practice their religion freely without government interference, as well as the prohibition of the government from establishing a national religion. This dual protection creates a framework that supports both individual liberty in religious practice and the separation of church and state.

The other options, while important rights, are not part of the First Amendment. The right to bear arms is covered under the Second Amendment, the right to a fair trial relates to criminal proceedings and is found in the Sixth Amendment, and the right to privacy is not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution, though it has been interpreted through various amendments by the courts. Understanding these distinctions clarifies why freedom of religion stands out as the correct choice regarding the rights guaranteed by the First Amendment.